Organizational Behavior Final Project

LIU MBA Students for the North Shore Animal League Organizational Behavior For the group project our group chose option A, to design and implement a community service project. We chose to help the North Shore Animal League based in Port Washington, New York. We think this is an important charity to help because the organization receives no federal funding and relies solely on donations from the public. North Shore Animal league is one of the largest no-kill shelters and they have saved close to 1 million cats, dogs, kittens and puppies to date.After our initial meeting in class we brainstormed some ideas on how to fundraise via e-mail. We decided to do a combination of things to raise money for the North Shore Animal League. First, to spread the word, we created a Facebook page to share our project with our friends, family and acquaintances. The page is also viewable to friends-of-friends so it reaches a wide scope of people. The page tells the viewer about the league and our project ; the page features pictures and a link to a fundraising website.The fundraising website was created through North Shore Animal League and gives viewers the opportunity to donate using a credit card. These donations go directly to the league and are tracked through the website. We tried talking to the campus bookstore to see if they would donate some merchandise we could then sell for the cause, but they were unable to. We decided to purchase some snacks in bulk from Costco to sell to raise money. We made the decisions to target a highly populated area with a large amount of foot traffic, in order to reach the most people.Therefore, we orchestrated a fundraising day in Flushing and Hunter’s Point where we passed out fliers, collected donations, and sold the snacks. To reach a larger scope of people, we talked with a local pet store, located in Northport, and they allowed us to set up a table and solicit donations for the league from customers go in and out of the store. We th ought this was a good location because we would likely be reaching animal lovers who would be sympathetic to our cause and therefore more likely to contribute. We also distributed fliers while at the pet store, which included the address for our undraising website so the customers could donate to the animal league when they got home. Psychological contract is defined as individual beliefs, shaped by the organization, regarding terms of an exchange agreement between individuals and their organization (Rousseau). According to the project's instructions, we have 400 points to split amongst the four group members. Our group's psychological contract is that as long as each group member attends each meeting, participates in the fundraising activities, and completes their share of the work equally, each group member will receive 100 of the 400 points.However, if someone cannot fulfill their share of the work, the other group members can deduct points from this member and add them to their own grade. The psychological contract depends on the trust between the group members. In our group we valued the promise to every member to share the work equally and did not violate our contract. Every member was able to express their opinion freely, if someone felt that a group member’s performance was lacking, they can talk openly with the other members and discuss redistributing the points.Our group's psychological contract could not be violated easily because we all wanted to share the work to ensure we got the best grade possible. Through the learning of psychological contract, we built a strong and efficient team. With an effective performance system and strong trust among our members, we reached great achievement. It is very important to figure out how you can motivate the members in a group since it will increase the productivity of the group. The four members in our group have different personalities and personal goal; therefore, the methods to motivate them are tot ally different.There is that minority which is challenged by opportunity and willing to work hard to achieve something (McClelland). For our project we all needed to be part of this minority because we had such limited time. In McClelland’s discussion of Motive A, he talks about setting â€Å"moderately difficult, but potentially achievable goals†¦ tasks to make them stretch themselves a little. † Our group decided early on to set a goal of raising $250, which we thought would be a good amount to strive for considering our time constraint.We found this amount to be difficult, but do-able. Something else McClelland discusses is how the nAch person is constantly spending their time thinking of how to do things better. Through trial and error we were able to figure out what worked for our group. For example, we had a not so successful day fundraising in Flushing, raising only $20 in about 4 hours, and were able to use this experience to find a better way to do this n ext time. The expectancy theory could be used to help outline how we made decisions on how to behave in our group.To begin, you can look at the concept of performance-outcome expectancy, which states every behavior has an associated reward or punishment. For example a group member could have chosen to sit back and let the other members perform, or could have chosen to make a genuine effort. The consequences are that we won’t receive the best grade and won’t raise the most money possible; or our group will flourish with everyone’s involvement. The concept of valence, the idea that each outcome has a specific worth to the individual was apparent as well.Luckily, we all want the some outcome, to raise the most money possible for the animal league and to be graded fairly by our peers, so this wasn’t an issue when it came to motivating our group. Lastly there is effort-performance expectancy, which states that every behavior has associated with it a certain pr obability of success. With this concept we all needed to understand that our efforts would be rewarded with donations. Once we started to receive donations we used this as motivation to get more.Ethical dilemmas are very complex for individuals, according to textbook, â€Å"the notion that its easy to be ethical assumes that individuals automatically know that they are facing ethical dilemma and that they should simply choose to do the right thing. † However, the definition of â€Å"doing right thing† may be different for different people, depending on their culture or background. In our project, we have two ethical dilemmas. First, are we going to donate the exact total amount of money we have raised to North Shore Animal League.The first spot we were collecting donations was in Flushing, where we explained our project to pedestrians and they were usually rude, impatient and less willing to listen to us. Because of this we decided to move to another spot, a park in Hu nters Point where the people were more patient. We collected 20 dollars in this spot, which is much more than we were able to collect in Flushing. We quickly saw that people in these two spots have different characteristics; the people in Hunters Point were more willing to trust us and believe that we were being ethical.The people in Hunters Point stopped and ask us about our project, and about our cause. The people in Hunters Point believed in the good side of people and were more willing to trust us and in return donate. The people who donated to us believed that every penny they were giving us was going to help the animals at North Shore Animal League, therefore, we cannot let them down and we have a responsibility to deliver all of the money we collect. The second dilemma is whether or not we should deduct the cost of the products we sold from the donations we collected.We bought Lays and Doritos for twenty cents per package and bottled water for sixty cents per bottle; we then sold the items for one dollar each. The person who bought the products could say that they should take back some money to compensate themselves for the cost of buying the items. In this case, it is a grey area. If the person does not request to get their money back, one could say they are a person who really cares about the cause they are raising money for. If they did ask to get some money back, one might say they are doing this activity just for a grade.Also, if the person who purchased the goods decided they wanted to be reimbursed, they could embellish the cost and get back more than they paid. This is similar to the activity we did in the classroom where employees were compensated for meals while out on the road. As long as the amount did not exceed eighty dollars per day, they would be reimbursed for food and they did not need to show receipts. In our case, people donated their money to us based on the idea that we will forward all of the money to the North Shore Animal League Our behavior was very important, as it dictated how others made judgments about us.As mentioned in the textbook, some factors of behavior include: tone of voice, body language, gestures and the words we say. People could be led to believe that we are a group of people doing good or committing fraud based on these factors. We found that certain things helped increase the level at which people trusted and believed we were doing good. Our image and the overall passion we conveyed were important factors to ensure other people’s trust us. People were more willing to trust us if we had an advertising board, Facebook website, and a donation website with the North Shore Animal League.Overall, we needed to appear as professional as possible to have the best results. People tend to doubt people they are not familiar with, especially in New York City; thus, we were able to gain their trust by conducting our project in a professional manner. The way we were asking people to make donatio n was also important. We needed to put our message in a way that conveyed the right meaning. It is not easy asking another person for money, people were less willing to donate if they felt they were not getting anything in return.We decided to sell something to deal with this issue, so we could make donors feel that they are donating to a worth cause while buying something. The way that we asked them was also important, if we said, â€Å"Excuse me, would you like to make a donation to support our program? † people usually walked right past us. However, if we said, â€Å"Excuse me, would you like to purchase a bottle of water or a bag of chips to support our program? † people would generally stop and listen to what we had to say. In this assignment, the ability to communicate across language barriers was key.Our group of four consisted of a male (Alex) and female (Danielle) from New York, a male from China (Yunjie), and a male from Taiwan (Wei). Alex and Danielle were u nable to speak any Chinese, and while Wei and Yunjie’s grasp of the English language was exceptional there were still times when communicating proved to be difficult. However, our group was able to continually overcome these communication barriers. For example, in situations where Wei was unable to understand certain English words, Yunjie would explain it to him in Chinese, and vice versa.Also, Alex and Danielle would try and clarify any confusing language by using the simplest English possible. By using the above-mentioned techniques our group was able to consistently overcome any language barriers and communicate effectively to achieve our goals. In addition to communicating across language barriers, our group was also faced with the challenge of communicating across cultures. This difference in cultures was most evident when the group attempted to raise funds for the North Shore Animal League by selling potato chips and water bottles in Flushing, Queens. In the U. S. selli ng lemonade on the street is almost considered a right of passage for many young children. Many American children take the idea of capitalism for granted, having been instilled with the idea of a free market economy from a young age. However, capitalism is not practiced throughout the world. Consequently, Wei and Yunjie had no prior experience selling goods to customers on the street. At first, because of their inexperience, Wei and Yunjie had a difficult time selling potato chips and water to customers. They were unable to reach out to customers and convey the fact that all of the proceeds from the sale would be going to charity.However, after being instructed on various selling techniques and following the example set by their fellow team members, Wei and Yunjie began reaching out to more and more customers. They fully embraced the fundraising concept and acquired the ability to effectively connect with customers to achieve our goals. Aside from highlighting our cultural differenc es, the fundraising experience in Queens also taught our group about the â€Å"Ladder of Inference†, as described by Rick Ross in his article The Ladder of Inference. While fundraising we noticed that many potential customers were extremely cautious about our group’s intentions.Many people did not believe that we were raising funds for the North Shore Animal League and instead thought that we would pocket the money for ourselves. People would take one look at our group and our surroundings and would automatically assume that we were â€Å"conning† them without actually taking the time to see what our true intentions were. This is an example of these potential customers climbing â€Å"The Ladder of Inference†. After we became aware of this we started to hand out fliers for the North Shore Animal League hoping that it would make our position more believable.While this did alleviate some customers concerns there were still many people who simply did not beli eve us. This was an extremely frustrating obstacle that was difficult to overcome. During a team meeting following our fundraising efforts we discussed how we could overcome this obstacle in the future. Our conclusion was that in order to establish trust with potential customers and thereby prevent them from negatively climbing â€Å"The Ladder of Inference† we must make ourselves appear more presentable and official.In the future we would dress in uniforms with nametags. In addition, we would apply for permits to fundraise on city grounds such as parks and playgrounds. It is our belief that by implementing these tactics we would gain the trust of potential customers and become more effective in our fundraising efforts. Unfortunately, due to time constraints, we were unable to implement these changes, however, through this process we learned a great deal and can use this experience in our future endeavors. In our group there was not one decisive leader.We all needed to be lea ders; as we learned from our leadership discussion, leaders are generally the ones who are finding new ways to do things. We all needed to come up with ideas on how to fundraise, and needed to figure out how we could actually get it done. During our class lecture on leadership, we discussed characteristics that all great leaders appear to have. Characteristics that came up over and over again included determination, well liked, personable, persuasive, and someone who has a good support team.By working hard, and working together, we knew we would achieve the best results. As discussed in â€Å"Level 5 Leadership,† a good leader knows that the cause is bigger than them. We used this idea when fundraising; we couldn’t simply go through the motions just to get the grade. We needed to really care about the cause, as great leaders are generally passionate about what they are doing. This is why it was important for our group to visit the Animal League. We thought it would be good to see what they do first hand, and tour their facility.This was an enjoyable experience because we were able to see some of the animals that we are helping, and were able to use our visit as motivation to raise more money. Our group worked together extremely well. We kept in contact through e-mail, weekly meetings before class, and a group text message on our cell phones. Each member offered ideas on how go about the project. We freely critiqued each other’s ideas to find out what would work best for our group. We recognized each other’s strengths and weaknesses and assigned tasks for each group member accordingly. In total we raised $xxx.

It Is Better to Be the Eldest Child Than the Youngest One in the Family Essay

â€Å"Mr. Chairman, honorable judges, misguided members of the opposition, and members of the floor: Good day to all. â€Å"Standing here today on this breezy morning as the third speaker for the proposition, I wish to continue where my team-mates left off to correct the misleading information presented by the opposition. â€Å"For instance, the second member of the opposition claimed that the youngest child will be treated more leniently than the others. Now, is this an advantage? By being treated too leniently, the child might think that his misbehavior is perfectly acceptable. Ever heard of the expression â€Å"Spare the rod and spoil the child†? It is true. Without strict and loving discipline, a beloved child might end up being the black sheep of the family. Now, the opposition contends that it is an advantage to be spoilt in this way. How can this be? â€Å"The opposition has also pointed out that the youngest child is usually more pampered. I agree. But, again, is this good? It is indeed enjoyable to be fussed over, pampered and mollycoddled but what will this pampered child grow into? It is a maxim that too much or too little is no good: Once a pampered child grows up, he will be overly dependent on others, in other words, spineless. Would you like to be this spineless adult? I leave you to decide. â€Å"Ladies and gentlemen, having straightened out a few delusions of the opposition, I shall present my own points. One of the advantages of being an eldest child is that he is used to being respected and obeyed by his siblings. This is because they know he is wiser and more experienced. This is a good feeling and it creates high self-esteem. This self-esteem will motivate him to succeed in every aspect of life. â€Å"Undeniably, the eldest child will shoulder more responsibilities. He will often be left in charge of the younger ones. The eldest child is also cast as a role model for the younger ones. Thus, he has to try harder to maintain discipline and a high standard of behavior. â€Å"The eldest child, having to cope with his siblings’ antics, will also develop patience. He may have to give in to his siblings because `they are too young to understand’. Thus, he develops tolerance and understanding of other people’s weaknesses. â€Å"All these points were described as ‘disadvantages’ by the opposition. They are only disadvantageous if you are unable to see the long-term benefits. You see, these momentarily trying circumstances will shape the child and prepare him for the challenges that lie ahead. According to a survey conducted by the Home Ministry, an average of 3 out of 5 successful people — corporate leaders, lawyers, politicians — were the eldest children in their families. â€Å"On to my next point, which centers on the word ‘privileges’. In most cases, the eldest child will inherit the greater share of the wealth. According to Chinese custom, the eldest son carries on the family name, therefore he deserves a larger share of the property. In monarchies, the eldest child is the heir to the throne, as in the case of Prince Charles. If you think that the eldest child is only privileged if he belongs to a wealthy family, you are wrong. The distinction is even sharper in poor families where the eldest child may be the only one whom the family can afford to educate or feed properly. â€Å"So, there you have it. Clear arguments to demolish the opposition to this motion. And now I hand over to my opponents, to give the sensible ones amongst them a chance to start defecting over to our side. Thank you.†

The Representation Of Race, Class And Gender - 925 Words

The representations of race, class and gender in the media promote various forms of oppressions. Ideologies of class that commemorate the upper class and diminish the lower class are seen in many programs. Ideologies of gender that discriminate women and promote sexism, ideologies of race that misrepresent people of color are mostly created by people who have different perspectives and ideologies. For instance in a 2008 television commercial for the Japanese cell phone companies, a monkey is shown in an election campaign with the slogan â€Å"Change,† the same slogan widely used during the campaign of the first African-American president of the U.S., Barack Obama. Because the media creates a global flow of images, this image circulated all over the word which certainly reinforced prejudices about black. This shows how people who own and control the media transmit dominant ideologies. Today the level of media saturation has tremendously increased. Television and other forms of media can be found in the poorest of homes. The excess availability of the media also comes with overcrowding channels which target different audiences. Programming featuring sports to reality TV are diverse genres of shows that aim to please all ages, incomes, backgrounds and attitudes. Because many media corporations are for profit, they spend a considerable amount of money to determine the amount of demand that the public wants. The media then produces services and goods to satisfy the market demand.Show MoreRelatedMovie Analysis : The Movie 1072 Words   |  5 Pagesmovie, there are many stereotypes, images, and representations of gender, class, and race and demonstrate intersectionality. This paper, will outline these categories are portrayed throughout the film. In the film, there are many issues and differing expectations concerning those of different genders. Some of these issues are related to education, work, marriage, and childbirth. These expectations can differ based on the person’s race and class. Race, in the film, was shown through an array of stereotypesRead MoreFilm Review : Django Unchained997 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Django Unchained†, a film written in a directed by Quentin Tarantino, is a film that represents race, gender and sexuality in many ways throughout the movie. to start I want to begin with the films representation of race and ethnicity since the entire movie is about slavery. Aside from the twisted humor that is often found within Tarantino’s movies, Django Unchained provides a dark and gloomy reality for African Americans during the year 1858. during this time slavery in the south would be at itsRead MoreThe Lion King Film Analysis1590 Words   |  7 Pagesimplications children’s animated movies portray is a strong example as to why there are strong societal standards around gender, sexuality, race, and class. Most children’s films are completely heterosexual and the majority of children’s films portray male characters of more importance than female characters. Children’s film also portray characters of color to be in a lower class, to be of less importance, and are even portrayed as villains. These social implications influence the ideas that male dominanceRead MoreThe s Concept Of The Mythical Norm By Barbara Perry1200 Words   |  5 Pages The â€Å"Mythical Norm† Leading To Oppression Through Privilege Iqbal Dhillon - 213516604 York University SOSC 1350- Gender and the Law Julie Dowsett Wednesday, October 22, 2014 Word Count: 1,191 Introduction: This essay will critically analyze the various forms of oppression that are set out through Audrey Lorde’s concept of the â€Å"mythical norm† as discussed by Barbara Perry. Through the â€Å"mythical norm†, it can be seen that oppressions exists through the forms of racism and sexism whichRead MoreRace, Gender, And Class Defined Liberty And Freedom879 Words   |  4 PagesHow Race, Gender, and Class Defined Liberty and Freedom in early America In eighteenth century America, freedom and liberty were constantly being defined and redefined. After the American Revolution, when America declared its independence from Britain, America started writing its own doctrines and establishing what made the United States an independent country. What made someone free, what constituted as liberty, and who got to obtain both was always changing. Different groups defined liberty andRead MoreThe Cultural Identity Of The African American Community1653 Words   |  7 Pagescommunity has sat at the end of a discriminatory lens from the moment they set foot in the United States. 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Using the Sociological Imagination we will examine societal factors that may result in The main subjects that will be explored are how an individual s socioeconomic status , race, gender, and societal norms can have a large impact on them going to college. In this paper we I will be making use of the sociological imagination to interpret the individual issue of chances of attending college. The sociological imagination takes a

The War Against Dupont Essay Samples

The War Against Dupont Essay Samples Share earnings continue to rise throughout the previous two decades, as do the cost per share numbers (Graph1), and there is not any reason behind the pattern to modify. This gives you an edge from your classmates. Sally's is having a tough time turning over considerable amounts of sales. Joe's business, on the flip side, is selling products at a smaller margin, but it's turning over a good deal of goods. Type of Dupont Essay Samples Make it a point your audience or readers will be knowledgeable about the given concept. You have to sign in or sign up to begin the quiz. Writing a high school essay if you've got the tips about how to do essay effectively. A concept essay is a sort of a literary essay piece that's utilized to present an idea or a topic with the sole goal of providing a crystal clear definition and explanation. A competent group of people who have an excellent working understanding of the work place should do risk assessme nt. Writing is not only for those that are studying nor for your teachers. While others wish to just demonstrate a subject. Participating in such a huge study from begin to finish has validated my interest in academic research for a profession. Dupont Essay Samples Explained A weakness with strategy, nevertheless, is it is time consuming. As a consequence, entrepreneurs can judge their enterprises' competitive position in the business and sustainable development ability based on these sorts of analyses. Their standard content are those topics which might have previously been presented but weren't given with total emphasis. Sometimes when productivity goes down it can be required to start clean. Life, Death, and Dupont Essay Samples In is the major intent at the organization. However, it's well worth mentioning that based on the industry where the provider operates, Net Profit Margin and Total Asset Turnover have a tendency to trade off between each other. This implies th at the company has been attempting to lure the consumers with better benefits in order to decrease its profits. The more leverage the business takes, the more complex the chance of default. The Battle Over Dupont Essay Samples and How to Win It It's incredibly crucial that you remain within the requested word limit determined by scholarship sponsors. The more eyes you receive on your initial drafts, the better. When you would like to explain an idea, you must have the correct quantity of vocabulary so you can explain your thoughts in great particulars. Understanding how to begin an essay is even harder since you must find the suitable inspiration to write. Now things started to get really intriguing. However, don't be intimidated nor fear the things that I've just said. In other words, patience and resourcefulness. Inside this model, to be able to isolate operations and financial impacts on ROE, we'll further break down the components utilised in the fundamental model. In analyzing the prospective outcomes beforehand, the group is able maintain a particular quantity of control over the procedure. A five-step DuPont model can help to figure out this problem. Basically hazard can bring about harm or adverse outcomes. Key Pieces of Dupont Essay Samples You can return and edit later. To begin with, what you should do is to present the most important idea. Today I realize this experience greatly influenced my professional ambition and my private identity. DuPont also centered on the neighborhood culture by means of a NASCAR metaphor to help employees understand the significance of effective teamwork. The Tried and True Method for Dupont Essay Samples in Step by Step Detail A business would need to pay a specific amount for sure before they can take advantage of the net income. This must be completed in a rapid yet meaningful way in order to be of immediate need to a specific firm or investor. On the flip side, a quick food restaurant will pr obably see high asset turnover but much smaller profit margin as a result of decreased prices. The Fundamentals of Dupont Essay Samples Revealed Inside my opinion, the 3 approaches are compatible to a specific degree. This model may be used to demonstrate the strengths and weaknesses of each corporation. Conventional OD isn't quick or efficient. Here's What I Know About Dupont Essay Samples The fundamental formula looks in this way. So, DuPont analysis may not be in a position to give a comprehensive description just enjoy an appropriate financial statement analysis, but nonetheless, it certainly stands places in providing a superb snapshot an impeccable starting point of financial analysis. They'd then need to go through an interview process the same as everyone else applying would need to do. Hence you can't start it again. There isn't any doubt that DuPont analysis is going to be introduced to find its feasibility. In order to stay competitive, changes often will need to get implemented quickly and efficiently. This calculation method could possibly be misleading, as we can't be sure what caused the change in the usual equity. If something goes wrong with the clothing business, they will nonetheless compete in the building market. DuPont is obviously a company that's going places in the world community. The organization is in great financial well-being. It gave the old employees an option to go to the training classes for the new way the company was going to be run.

Critical Chain Project Management - 1057 Words

Criticalchainprojectmanagement — Document Transcript †¢ 1. Critical Path Method and Critical Chain Project ManagementProject schedule plan is the main plan included in any Project Management Plan. Project schedule isresponsible for bringing project time, cost and quality under control. Project schedule links resources,tasks and time line together. Once a Project Manager has list of resources, work breakdown structure(WBS) and effort estimates, he is good to go for planning project schedule. Schedule networkanalysis helps Project Manager to prevent undesirable risks involved in the project. Critical PathMethod (CPM) and Critical Chain Project Management (CCPM) are key elements of schedule networkanalysis. In the following sections we will†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ 3. CCPM is based on:- Resource constrained situations.- Optimum use of Buffer (amount of time added to any task to prevent slippage of schedule) o Project Buffers (PB): Amount of buffer time at the end of the project. o Feeding Buffers (FB): Amount of buffer t ime at the end of a sequence of tasks. o Resource Buffers (RB): It is an alert that is used to indicate that resource is needed to perform a task. This alert can be set few days before a resource is actually needed.CCPM Example:We will consider the same example that was explained in section Critical Path Method Example.CCPM can be applied using following three steps:1. Remove safety time and reduce tasks durations by 50%.Project Duration = Task1+Task2+Task3+ Task6 = 3+2+1+4 = 10 Days.Note:†¢ All safety time durations are removed. For example 1 day lag after Task 2 and 4 days after Task5 are removed.†¢ All tasks durations are reduced to half (50%). For example Task 1 is 3 Days instead of 6 days.2. Create schedule on Late Finish dates and Remove resource constraints and identify critical chain.Project Duration = Task1+Task2+Task5+ Task6 = 3+2+2+4 = 11 Days.Note:†¢ Task3, Task4 and Task 5 are moved to start from Late Finish dates.†¢ Task2 and Task5 are to be done by resource R2 and so that aligned to remove resource constraints. †¢ 4. 3. Add Project Buffer of 50% of the tasks duration and add Feeder buffer to non critical chain.Project Duration = Task1+Task2+Task5+ Task6 + PBShow MoreRelatedA Critique of the Critical Chain Approach to Project Management3777 Words   |  16 PagesCourse in Operations Management ASSIGNMENT 1: â€Å"A CRITIQUE OF THE CRITICAL CHAIN APPROACH TO PROJECT MANAGEMENT† 3,000 words excluding reference list and summary for Dr. Tom Mullen Anthony C Mould October 2003 Reprinted with the kind permission of Anthony C Moulds. This essay should be viewed as an example of a well written, structured, referenced and argued assignment. It has been issued to MBA students on commencement of their studies, prior to submission of their first assignment. Read MoreEssay Project Management824 Words   |  4 PagesDjenane Jeanty Project Management Context Professor C. Lennon Module V 11.17.12 Abstract Project managers carefully manage slack on sensitive resource-limited projects (Larson and Gray, p.295). If possible, they will add slack at the end of the project by committing to a completion date that goes beyond the scheduled date. Eliyahu Goldratt (1997) advocates an alternative approach to managing slack. He championed the â€Å"theory of constraints† and has coined the term â€Å"critical-chain† recognizingRead MoreCritical Chain By Dr. Eliyahu Goldratt1348 Words   |  6 PagesSummary of Critical Chain novel Critical Chain is a novel that wrote by Dr. Eliyahu Goldratt. In the Novel, he used novel mode to describe that how to use Critical Chain Theory to fix manage problem. Specially, he used common sense and logical deduction to give us a clearly description about the complex manage problems. This special is interested me a lot that attract me to fail into the story that can follow Dr. Goldratt’s ideas. In the book, Dr. Goldratt talks about how a professor trying to attainRead MoreUnderstanding Project Management Related Approaches1324 Words   |  6 PagesUnderstanding Project Management Related Approaches Chandra Shekar Pulipati Oklahoma State University Abstract Several approaches exist towards a successful project management. These have been emerging over years and also vary from project to project and industry to industry. This article focuses on few of popular project management techniques 1. PRINCE2 (Projects in Controlled Environments) 2. CPPM (Critical chain project management) 3. Agile Project Management Each of this technique focuses onRead MoreCritical Chain, By Eli Goldratt Essay1728 Words   |  7 Pagescommon mismanagement of projects. In response, many approaches to project management have been developed in order to mitigate the adverse effects of the inevitable ambiguity. However, many of these methods fail to address erroneous assumptions that are often made at the management level. In the novel â€Å"Critical Chain†, Eli Goldratt presents effective methods that challenge such assumptions. The novel follows multiple stories in order to demonstrate the benefits of this management philosophy as they applyRead MoreProject Management Scheduling1657 Words   |  7 PagesTitle Successful Project Management Scheduling outcomes: A Theoretical Comparative Analysis of networking techniques between Event, Chain with other traditional methodologies Research Question Why it is important to conduct a comparative analysis of Event, Chain with other traditional methodologies and investigate how it contributes in being Successful scheduling techniques in Project Management discipline? Introduction to Dissertation Nowadays, Project scheduling plays lot of benefactorRead MoreBook Report Essay687 Words   |  3 PagesProvide the definitions of critical path and critical chain. How do they differ? Critical path and critical chain are both schedule network analysis techniques. Critical path is the one that determines the shortest time to complete a project, which assumes low uncertainty and does not consider resource dependencies. Critical chain is a modified or refined technique about critical path; it involves the deterministic and probabilistic approaches to analyze the project schedule, which is moreRead MoreExam Summary949 Words   |  4 Pagesthe impacts on organisation 4.) Describe the selection, acquisition and implementation of ES ERP – Enterprise Resource planning systems integrate internal and external management information across the entire organisation , embracing finance, manufacturing, sales and service, customer relationship management, Software and Vendor selection Key words * ERP purchase process * Vendors research * Request for bids(RFB) * Contractual agreement Discussion question Read MoreDetails on the EPC Process and Approach849 Words   |  3 Pagesdown structure (WBS) according to EPC project phases. It organises the deliverables of the project scope with cost and schedule. Each WBS is assigned to the individual representative with work packages for their estimating and performance of the tasks. Due to the limitation of this report, this section is focused only on one of the work break structure such as DCS engineering as an example which can be imitated to the other work packages and tasks. The project scheduling is analyzed with theory ofRead MoreOperations Management and Use of PERT Techniques in Managing Projects1184 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Operations Management Operations management refers to a management area which involves control and design of the process of production, as well as business operations in the production of goods and services (Shim Siegel, 2009). It ensures efficiency in business operations through use of few resources as required. In addition, it ensures that the business operations are effective through meeting the requirements of the customers. Operation management has the responsibility of managing the process

Gender Equality Essay Example For Students

Gender Equality Essay Tyrone CloydBaltimore, MDGender equality has been a social concern since man step foot on earth. When we think of gender equality discrimination against women is what comes to mind, but in recent years psychologist and sociologist have began to study how men are discriminated against. It is considered general knowledge that men still make more money a year then women, and it is true that men hold most of the position of power in society. Recent studies have concluded that there is an aspect of society that discriminates against men. This aspect of society is deeply rooted in the American culture, and it is hard to name, to discuses, and to study. Gender roles for men, then are viewed not as biological givens, but as social constructions created from the expectations of social forces such as parents, teachers, peers, and the media about what constitute masculinity {(Pleck, 1995) Mahalik 1998}. Men are socialized to believe in the importance of success, power, and competitiveness. Beca use the male socialization experience is theorized to create negative feelings such as anxiety and shame related to all things feminine, the development of rigid traditional male roles, or male gender role conflict {(O’Neil, Helms, Gable, David, Wrightsman, 1986) Mahalik 1998}. Looking at male emotional socialization from the framework of the gender role strain paradigm, many boys are required to block their feelings and restrict the expression of their vulnerable and caring emotions {(Levant) Mahalik 1998}. Because of this, â€Å"a man experiences any particular facet of self that he considers feminine with great conflict and anxiety, because he believes it threatens his manhood† (Mahalik, Cournoyer, Defranc, Cherry, and Napolitano 1998). As a result of this fear of femininity, men are believed to over conform to traditional male roles as a coping strategy to avoid femininity {(Pleck, 1995) Mahalik 1998}. Men are taught to use their roles prescribed by society as a p sychological defense. When a man is confronted with an situation instead of dealing with the problem, men tend to fall back on the stereotypical masculine gender roles. Men hold their emotions inside and although they may not be immediately affected our health and well being suffers in the long run. The improper socialization of males in American society affects all demographics of society. It affects men across socio economic classes, and races and cultures. Improper socialization of males is an interesting topic to research and study because it affects the entire male population and it is going to take society as a whole working together to correct the problem. One way to began changing how males are socialized is to make the population aware of the psychological effects â€Å"gender role conflicts†. In mental health institutions, at hospitals, and colleges and universities there is an array of journals, pathlets, and articles written about how women are discriminated and socialized. With the new millennium approaching the effects of male socialization needs to be an equally important issue on the public policy agenda. More research needs to be done and published so that the message can spread throughout the country and the scholarly community. For background information two articles from the Journal of Counseling Psychology will be discus. The first, â€Å"Men’s Gender Role Conflict and Use of Psychological Defenses† by James R. Mahilik, Robert J. Cournoyer, William DeFranc, Marcus Cherry, and Jeffrey M. Napolitano examines the way males are socialized and the way that their socialization affects how they respond in anxious situations. Specifically, the researchers are trying to determine if there is a relationship between stereotypical macho male roles and psychological defense mechanisms. Macbeth - supernatural and spirits EssayReferenceFisher R., and Good G.(1998). Perception of parent child relationship and Masculine Role Conflict of College Men. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 45(3), 346-352. Mahalik R., Cournoyer R., DeFranc W., Cherry M., Napolitano J., (1998). Men’s Gender Role Conflict and Use of Psychological Defenses. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 45(3), 247-254Please complete this survey the answers will be used for a class project only. 1. How would feel if a good friend of yours passed away. a. I would cry, and be down for a several days. (0)b. I would control my emotions, and help the family (1)c. I would deal with it and move on (2)2. How would you react to the birth of your childa. ecstatic, but I did not cry (1)b. I cried with my wife (0)c. I thought about how much money it would cost (2)3. How would you react to a rejection letter from a joba. apply for another one (0)b. inquire about why (1)c. inquire about why, spend some days down (2)4. How do you feel about the Lewensky scandal a. I do not cheat (0)b. People are going to cheat at the work place (2)c. It was unfortunate but I do not see the big deal (1)5. How do you feel if your spouse or girlfriend comments on another mana. I am secure with myself (0)b. A little insure (1)c. I would plan my next trip to the gym (2)

Is Torture justified free essay sample

What is torture? Basically, this is the action of physically or psychologically hurting a person without their permission and against their will. The torture has many goals such as obtaining a confession or information of the victim, revenge for an act committed by the victim or just for entertainment morbid and sadistic of the torturer. According to the 1984 United Nations Convention against Torture, the torture is: â€Å"any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person for such purposes as obtaining from him, or a third person, information or a confession, punishing him for an act he or a third person has committed or is suspected of having committed, or intimidating or coercing him or a third person, or for any reason based on discrimination of any kind, when such pain or suffering is inflicted by or at the instigation of or with the consent or acquiescence of a public official or other person acting in an official capacity. We will write a custom essay sample on Is Torture justified? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It does not include pain or suffering arising only from, inherent in, or incidental to, lawful sanctions. † Torture is not acceptable because it is degrading and ethically wrong, but under certain circumstances torture can be justified. Torture is justifiable if lives of innocent people are in risk or if an entire nation is in danger. First of all torture is justifiable when the lives of innocent people are in danger of being injured by violent motives. For example, in the scenario that a terrorist put a ticking time bomb in a public place like the case of a shopping center, a park, a hospital, a stadium, etc. This person is the only one who can give a clue as how, when and where the attack will happen, so it is definitely better sacrifices the human rights of a single person who is doing evil, for it can save the lives of hundreds of innocent people. Another example, in the scenario of a murderer or rapist who uses torture for sadistic and morbid motives, and he has prisoners and assuming that the police caught him, and this person does not want willingly confess the crimes committed and the location of these people. Then, the morals and ethics of society should be left aside and act promptly to extract the information needed to save these people from suffering provided by the torturer. According to Mirko Bagaric claims that torture is morally justified in order to save the lives of innocent people. He is confident that torture gives reliable information that can prevent terrorist attacks. According to the author, torture is a way to avoid killing innocent people. He claims that torture should never be used for punishment and domination, but it has different considerations when used for humane reasons such as saving lives. In one part of his article says, â€Å"Killing Innocent People Worse than Torture; Paradoxically, people who propose an absolute ban on torture arent sufficiently repulsed by torture and are too willing to accept the murder of innocent people: either they lack compassion or have a warped moral compass. Torture is bad. Killing innocent people is worse. Some people are so depraved that they combine these evils and torture innocent people to death. † Mirko Babaric is certain that torture is not cruel if it is motivated by a compassionate desire to avoid a tragedy, and it gets a greater good. He made a refutation to the people who are against torture. He said, â€Å"There could be nothing more inhumane than doing nothing as innocent people are being tortured to death. † Torture used to save the life of another person is acceptable. In another article clearly shows a real example of how the torture served to save the life of a human being. â€Å"In June 1979 Jean Leon and an accomplice kidnapped Miami cab driver Louis Gachelin, held him at gunpoint, and demanded a seven-thousand-dollar ransom from his family. Police officers quickly captured Leon, but Gachelin was not with him. Concerned that Gachelin might be murdered once Leons absence was noticed by his accomplice, seven police officers made a radical decision: To find out where Gachelin was being held, they beat the information out of Leon. The kidnapper caved in, and Gachelin was rescued. His life had arguably been saved by the use of torture. † The author also shows how torture has been used since human civilization from The Code of Hammurabi , 1750 BC to the present day with the intention to punish or to get information, even in some parts of the world are still cases of torture as way of punishment or conviction, but this is not the case of the Americans because they do not supporter torture as a punishment, and it is established on the Eighth Amendment which prohibits cruel and unusual punishment. nevertheless, the torture can be used in cases like Gachelin, where this serves as an interrogation technique to save the life of a person. Since The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, U. S. has been focused on how to prevent similar situations happen in the future. For this reason, some Americans have suggested the use of torture to obtain the desired information. The author notes that U. S. government has experimented with new techniques of interrogation without violating international human rights; those are as known stress and duress techniques, which consist of exposing prisoners to isolation, darkness, blindfolding, discomfort (such as being forced to stand in one position for four hours), forced nudity, and unpleasant food. These tactics are designed to demoralize prisoners so that they will provide information, and they have been met with much controversy over the legality and morality of their application. Those in favor of using the intensified techniques argue that the information extracted from stressed prisoners might save hundreds of lives. † The ticking time bomb is a very common scenario for those who support the use of torture. Supporters of the time bomb hypothesis believe that enhanced interrogation techniques are justified to obtain information from suspects to avoid massive loss of life. Although Americans have probably never faced a real time bomb scenario, many of them are familiar with the concept and are aware of the various means of torture that could be used to obtain the necessary information, and all this because a TV series called 24. This show is directed, produced and acted by Kiefer Sutherland as Jack Bauer, whose job is to prevent terrorist attacks against the United States. According to Human Rights, before September 11, 2001, there were four or fewer cases of torture on television each year. In 2009, more than 100 cases were reported acts of torture that appear on TV. According to David Danzig Human Rights, he said, It used to be almost exclusively the villains who tortured. Nowadays, torture is often perpetrated by the heroes, even though torture is illegal under the law U. S. and internationally. † Is Torture justified? The show 24 shows a simplified representation of the difficulty and complexity of the policy issues and definitions of torture facing the government of the United States. The opposite side says that Torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatments are like slavery and genocide, and they are always unacceptable. This principle has been established for many years and is enshrined in international law. â€Å"Everyone has the right to freedom from torture and inhuman or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment. † It is Accordance with Article 5 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. They get three main arguments against the authorization of torture. First, it is the argument of art slippery slope this means that allowing torture in a limited context there may encourage more of these cases. Nonetheless, this argument does not work for the concept of torture because it is already used even though it is universally prohibited, according to reports Amnesty International reported cases of torture and ill-treatment in 132 countries in 2003, including the United States, Japan and France. The second argument is that torture makes it lose its human sense to the society. Nevertheless, a society that chooses to defend the rights of those who do evil on innocent people instead of defending innocent people, in that case the society needs to make an urgent moral and ethical change to see things more humanely. Finally, people cannot be absolutely certain that torturing someone gives us the result of saving the life of another person. However, it is a decision of self defense. In conclusion, the only way the torture is justified. There is when existed a threat to the lives of innocent people or finding a greater good for humanity. For example, a terrorist attack when is in danger the lives of hundreds of innocent people or in the case of murderers, rapists and kidnappers who has prisoners. keep in mind that torture can only be used as an information extraction technique because it is not acceptable as a punishment based on religious, political and social belief. Definitely, Torture is acceptable when used for the greater good of humanity to preserve the lives of innocent people.